Construction Encroachment Specifications

The following specifications must be followed in addition to applicable Ontario and Ministry by-laws.

  • Reinstatement in grassed boulevards in urban areas
    1. General
      1. "Boulevard" means all parts of the highway save and except any roadway, shoulder, driveway or sidewalk
      2. Grassed areas disturbed by the applicant shall be restored matching the original surfaces as closely as possible
    2. Special Provisions
      The provisions of OPSS 410, 501, 503, 504, 514, 570, 571, 701 and NPSCD Special Provisions C1, D1, B21 shall apply except as amended or extended herein
      1. Trenches in boulevards shall be backfilled with native material compacted to 90 per cent Standard Proctor Density in 300 mm lifts
      2. Final restoration:
        1. On grassed areas showing evidence that regular grass cutting is practiced, such as lawns, this restoration shall consist of the supply and placement of:
          1. 100 mm of topsoil with nursery sod
        2. Weather conditions permitting, boulevard areas shall be reinstated within seven days of backfilling of the trench. Areas disturbed during the winter months shall be reinstated by the first day of the following June
      3. All paved boulevards to be reinstated to existing conditions or better
  • Reinstatement of boulevards in rural areas
    1. General
      1. "Boulevard" means all parts of the highway save and except any roadway, should, driveway or sidewalk.
    2. Special Provisions
      The provisions of OPSS 314, 410, 501, 503, 504, 514, 570, 571, 572, 701 and NPSCD Special Provisions C1, D1, B21 and B22 shall apply except as amended or extended herein
      1. Trenches in boulevards shall be backfilled with native material compacted to 90 per cent of the maximum dry density in 300 mm lifts
      2. Where shoulders are being restored with granular material and the boulevard is being restored with native material, the boulevard shall be completed first to ensure that native material does not spill into the shoulder trench
      3. Grassed areas disturbed by the applicant shall be restored matching the original surface as closely as possible
      4. In rural areas not showing evidence of having been cut on a regular basis except for the purpose of noxious weed control, 50 mm of topsoil and either a suitable grass seed mix or nursery sod shall be provided
      5. Weather conditions permitting, boulevard areas shall be reinstated within seven days of backfilling of the trench. Areas disturbed during the winter months shall be reinstated by the first day of the following June.
      6. All paved boulevards to be reinstated to existing conditions or better
  • Reinstatement of sidewalks, curbs and gutters
    1. General
      1. "Sidewalk" includes all such parts of a highway as are set aside or improved by the appropriate Road Authority for the use of pedestrians or used by the general public for the passage of pedestrians
      2. "Curb" includes all such parts of a highway as are set aside or improved by the appropriate Road Authority to facilitate roadway drainage system(s) within urbanized areas and / or at bridges and culverts
    2. Special Provisions
      1. The provisions of OPSS 314, 353, 351, and NPSCD Special Provisions B8 and B9 shall apply except as amended or extended herein
      2. Supplementary special provisions for sidewalk reinstatement have not been included, as each municipality has separate standards related to sidewalk construction and restoration. For information related to sidewalk reinstatement, contact the local municipal office within whose jurisdiction construction will occur.
      3. Curb repair must include epoxy coated 15M reinforcing bar to be drilled 200mm into existing curb and extend 200mm into proposed curb (total bar length 400mm). Full curb and gutter require three reinforcing bars, while semi-mountable and barrier curb require two reinforcing bars.
      4. Curb repair at catch basin sections to have 3-15M epoxy coated rebar throughout the proposed curb restoration length. The ends of the rebar must be drilled a minimum of 200mm in to existing curb and can be lapped as required.
  • Reinstatement of driveways
    1. General
      1. "Driveway" means that part of the highway that is improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular access to private or public property
    2. Special Provisions
      The provisions of OPSS 311, 314, 350, 506 and NPSCD Special Provisions B3, B14, B16, B17, B18 and B23 shall apply except as amended or extended herein
      1. The edges of all excavations made in concrete or asphalt surface driveways, shall be made by a concrete saw or by other suitable cutting equipment before the excavation and such edges of the cut must be straight and clean before reinstatement.
      In the case of concrete driveways, the limit of restoration shall be the nearest existing construction joint as directed or at the limit of excavation.

      In the case of asphalt driveways, the edges must be tack coated with a suitable asphalt emulsion before the placement of the final surface layer of asphalt.

      In the case of paving (stone) brick driveways, the paving stones shall be disassembled and stockpiled and reused in the reinstatement. The filling of the voids in the restored brick work shall be limestone screenings swept and vibrated into place.
      1. Driveways shall be backfilled as follows:
        1. Driveways - Granular "A" limestone aggregate material compacted to 100 per cent of the maximum dry density in maximum 300 mm lifts to the driveway base elevation. Suitable, recycled material may be used as backfill with the written permission of the Road Authority. The driveway base material shall be Granular "M" limestone aggregate compacted to 100 per cent of the maximum dry density in maximum 150 mm lifts as specified hereinafter.
        2. Wherever the depth of an asphalt driveway exceeds the dimensions provided in this section, the thickness of HL8 MDBC used to restore the cut shall be increased to match existing.
      1. Temporary Restoration:
        1. Where the work is not completed in one working day and must be temporarily closed up overnight or for a weekend, then one of the following three alternative procedures shall be followed:
          1. the opening will be covered with a minimum 20 mm steel plate designed to support vehicular traffic. Such plate is to be securely anchored to the road surface and the trench must be adequately shored to prevent failure. If available, HL3 hot mix asphalt or high performance cold patch shall be placed on the edges of the steel plate to form a minor ramp for vehicle transition.
          2. the trench will be backfilled and compacted to a depth of 80 mm below grade, and remaining trench will be temporarily backfilled with high performance cold patch or if available hot mix asphalt.
          3. With the permission of the Road Authority, the trench may also be completely backfilled with Granular "A" limestone aggregate and compacted with the surface area treated with calcium chloride.
        2. In the case of inclement weather (i.e. winter works), the trench will be backfilled to a depth of 80 mm below grade, and remaining trench depth shall be temporarily covered with high performance cold patch asphalt material, or HL8 MDBC. At the time of final pavement restoration, the temporary top surface shall be removed to the required thickness to allow for the permanent asphalt (surface course). The maintenance of the temporary surface shall be the responsibility of the applicant until the final restoration is made.
      1. Unpaved driveways will be restored in accordance with the provisions of SP 3, with the surface area treated with calcium chloride. Depths shall be as follows:
        1. Residential 200mm
        2. Commercial 300mm
        3. Industrial 375mm
      1. Concrete driveways shall restored as follows:
        1. Residential driveways: 75 mm Granular "A" + 150 mm concrete
        2. Commercial and Industrial driveways: 150 mm granular "A" + 150 mm concrete
        Driveway concrete thickness shall match the existing thickness to a minimum of 150 mm. Increased thickness, when authorized, will be pro-rated.
        Granular "A" base shall be compacted to 100 per cent of the maximum dry density.
      1. Asphalt driveways shall be restored as follows:
        1. Residential Driveways/Walkways: 50 mm HL3 Fine (Modified) + 200 mm Granular "M" limestone aggregate
        2. Commercial Driveways: 40 mm HL3 + 50 mm HL8 MDBC + 300 mm Granular "M" limestone aggregate
        3. Industrial Driveways: 40 mm HL3 + 50 mm HL8 MDBC + 375 mm Granular "M" limestone aggregate
        The Granular "M" limestone aggregate base shall be compacted to 100 per cent of the maximum dry density
      1. Paving (stone) Brick Driveways shall be restored as follows:

        Construct a 300 mm granular base with Granular "A" (limestone) compacted to a density of 100 per cent of the maximum dry density and overlain by 50 mm of limestone screening. Place the paving stones to match existing grade and fill the voids in the completed brick work with limestone screenings.
  • Reinstatement of shoulders
    1. General
      1. "Shoulder" means that portion of the highway lying adjacent to the roadway where there is no barrier curb, and which is improved to support a stopped vehicle
    2. Special Provisions
      The provisions of OPSS 314 shall apply except as amended or extended herein
      1. In construction applications where work is off the roadway in the boulevard / ditch area the shoulders, if affected, shall be restored to their original condition or better. The shoulder area(s) shall be scarified and all contaminated materials removed before final restoration. Top dress shoulder with 50 mm of Granular M' limestone aggregate.
      2. Where construction is directly impacting the shoulder area and full depth granular is required all trenches must be backfilled as follows:
        1. From bottom of excavation to base of shoulder Granular "A" limestone aggregate shall be compacted to 100 per cent of the maximum dry density in 300 mm maximum lifts.

          Suitable recycled material may be used as backfill with the written permission of the Road Authority.
        2. Shoulder Restoration:

          Granular "M" limestone aggregate compacted to 95 per cent of the maximum dry density in maximum 150 mm lifts.

          The granular material for shoulder construction shall be placed by means of a shoulder spreader. Where obstacles on the shoulder prohibit the efficient use of a spreader, the shoulder material to be placed adjacent to such obstacles may be end dumped. Where practical, compact the granular to 95 per cent maximum dry density.

          In situation where the shoulder widths prohibit the efficient use of a spreader, the shoulder material shall be carefully placed in such a manner as to minimize the amounts of shouldering granular on the newly placed asphalt. Where practical, compact the granular to 95 per cent maximum dry density.

          For gravel roads, this shall be considered permanent surface restoration.

          All paved shoulders to be reinstated to existing conditions or better.
  • Reinstatement of roadways
    1. General
      1. "Roadway" means that part of highway that is improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular traffic
    2. Special Provisions
      Unless soil conditions, utility locations, or other extraneous conditions dictate, all crossings of paved roads shall be undertaken by boring or similar construction methods to ensure the minimum disruption to road traffic and roadway surface.

      The provisions of OPSS 310, 314, 350, 360, 501, 503, 504, 506, 507 and NPSCD Special Provisions B3, B14, C1 and D1shall apply except as amended or extended herein.
      1. The edges of all excavations made in concrete or asphalt surface roadways shall be made by a concrete saw or by other suitable cutting equipment before the excavation, and such edges of the cut must be straight and clean before pavement restoration.
      2. All roadways shall be restored to their original conditions or better.
      3. Trenches must be backfilled as follows:

        1. From bottom of excavation to road subgrade Granular “A” limestone aggregate compacted to 100 per cent of the maximum dry density in maximum 300 mm lifts. Suitable recycled material may be used as backfill with the written permission of the Road Authority.

        2. Roadway base (granular) Granular “A” limestone aggregate compacted to 100 per cent of the maximum dry density in maximum150 mm lifts. For gravel roads, this shall be considered permanent surface restoration.

        3. In situations where the Road Authority has recently completed road reconstruction and/or rehabilitation the trench backfill shall be non-shrink concrete and shall be placed from bottom of excavation to top of road base elevation. Non-shrink concrete should meet current OPS materials specifications 1359.

      4. Surface Restoration - Temporary
        1. Where the work is not completed in one working day and must be temporarily closed up overnight or for a weekend, then one of the following two alternative procedures shall be followed:

          1. The opening will be covered with a minimum 20 mm steel plate designed to support vehicular traffic. Such plate is to be securely anchored to the road surface and the trench must be adequately shored to prevent failure. If available, HL3 hot mix asphalt or high performance cold patch shall be placed on the edges of the steel plate to form a minor ramp for vehicle transition.

          2. The trench will be backfilled and compacted to a depth of 80 mm below grade, and remaining trench will be temporarily backfilled with high performance cold patch or if available hot mix asphalt.
          3. With the permission of the Road Authority, the trench may also be completely backfilled with Granular “A” and compacted with the surface area treated with calcium chloride.

        2. In the case of inclement weather (such as winter works) the trench will be backfilled to a depth of 80 mm below grade, and remaining trench depth shall be temporarily covered with high performance cold patch material such as QPR2000 or approved equivalent or HL8 MDBC. At the time of final pavement restoration, the temporary surface shall be removed to the required thickness to allow for the permanent asphalt (surface course thickness as per SP 2.6). The maintenance of the temporary surface shall be the responsibility of the applicant until the final restoration is made.
      5. Surface Restoration - Permanent

        Permanent pavement restoration shall not be undertaken earlier than two weeks after temporary restoration. During winter months, permanent restoration shall depend upon weather conditions and the availability of appropriate materials. Hot mix asphalt may be used for permanent restoration during winter months with prior written approval of the Road Authority.
        1. For trench restoration on gravel road refer to condition SP 2.3.

          For longitudinal trenches, the entire affected lane(s) shall be milled to a minimum depth of 50 mm. For perpendicular trenches, the asphalt pavement will be milled a minimum of 600mm beyond the saw cut limit unless the pavement surface is further distressed as a result of construction activity. A site meeting with Niagara Region and area municipality will be required to determine the actual extent of length and / or width of reinstatement.
        2. All asphalt pavements shall be reinstated by matching the existing depth, or a minimum of 150mm in total (two 50mm lifts of base course and one 50mm lift of surface course) meeting the following material requirements.

          Longitudinal - Superpave Category D PGAC 64-28 (Polymer Modified) SP 19.0 base course, and Superpave Category D PGAC 64-28 (Polymer Modified) SP 12.5 surface course.

          Perpendicular - HL8 HS base course for roads with heavy truck traffic and bus routes, or HL8 MDBC base course for moderate truck traffic, and HL3 HS surface course.

          Niagara Region may allow Marshal Mix HMA on longitudinal reinstatements based on the actual length of the reinstatement. All milled and concrete edges must be tack coated with a suitable asphalt emulsion (Tack Coat), as per OPSS 310, before the replacement of the final surface layer of asphalt.

          The Contract Administrator may reject visually defective HMA areas based on, but not limited to the following defects: ride quality, flushing, bleeding, segregation, fat spot, surface damage, and surface contamination. Such defective HMA or areas shall be removed from the work and replaced with acceptable HMA. (OPSS 3.10).
        3. For composite pavements the asphalt wearing course shall be reinstated in accordance with SP 2.6(b) or to the full original depth of asphalt pavement, whichever is the greater.

          NOTE: Materials, production and placement of hot mix asphalt shall conform to OPS and NPSCD specification including provisions for Quality Control and Quality Assurance.
        4. Concrete pavements shall be reinstated to the full original depth of concrete and shall be not less than 30 MPa high early concrete with 5 per cent + /-1per cent air entrainment, meeting current O.P.S. Materials Specifications 1350 (material) and concrete joint details O.P.S.D. 552 and 560.
    3. Placing and Finishing Equipment

      Equipment used for placing, consolidated and finished concrete shall be a self-propelled, vibratory steel screed or steel cylinder screed with integral internal vibration including automatic shut-off, levelling auger and shall operate on fixed forms. For repair areas less than 3m in length, the concrete may be consolidated with hand held external vibrators and finished with a wood or steel screed capable of levelling the concrete without bowing.
    4. Opening the Repair Areas to Traffic

      Repair areas shall not be subjected to traffic until the concrete has achieved a minimum compressive strength of 20.0 MPa, based on standard cylinder compressive strength testing. The Owner will carry out sufficient concrete testing to evaluate the strength versus age properties of the mix in order to assess the time for opening of the road to traffic.
    5. Quality Assurance - Criteria for Determining Unacceptable Concrete

      Unacceptable concrete shall be removed and replaced at the Contractor's cost. Unacceptable concrete includes:
      • Concrete which does not meet the minimum 20.0 MPa before opening traffic
      • Concrete which does not meet the minimum 30.0 MPa at 28 days
      • Concrete which is cracked
      • Concrete which does not meet surface tolerance requirements
      • Concrete which has a damaged surface due to vehicle, pedestrian, or other traffic during the contract period.
    6. Restoration of Railway Crossing Rehabilitation

      Road reinstatement for track crossings shall be hot-mix asphalt from the mud rail to the limit of asphalt removal. Rubberized matting will not be permitted outside the mud rail. All works shall be coordinated through the Regional Roads Area Manager.
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